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Richard Hart (13 August 1917 – 21 December 2013) was a Jamaican historian, solicitor and politician. He was a founding member of the People's National Party (PNP) and one of the pioneers of Marxism in Jamaica. He played an important role in Jamaican politics in the years leading up to Independence in 1958.〔〔 He also served as attorney-general in Grenada under the People's Revolutionary Government in 1983. He spent the latter years of his life in the UK, where he died in Bristol. Hart was the author of several notable books on Caribbean history – including ''Towards Decolonisation: Political, Labour and Economic Developments in Jamaica 1939–1945'' (1999), ''Slaves who Abolished Slavery: Blacks in Rebellion'' (2002) and ''The Grenada Revolution: Setting the Record Straight'' (2005) – and he lectured on the subject at universities in the West Indies, the US, Canada and Europe.〔("University confers honorary degrees on five inspirational people" ), University of Hull, 31 January 2011.〕 Rupert Lewis once called him "the most consistent Caribbean activist". ==Life== Richard Hart was born in Montego Bay, Jamaica,〔Richard Drayton, ("Richard Hart obituary" ), ''The Guardian'', 20 February 2014.〕 on 13 August 1917,〔(''Who's Who, Jamaica'' ), 1963.〕 of mixed heritage that included Sephardic Jewish〔Richard Hart, ("''The Jews of Jamaica: Tombstone Inscriptions 1663–1880'' by R.D. Barnett; Philip Wright" (review) ), ''Social and Economic Studies'' Vol. 49, No. 1 (March 2000), pp. 228-232.〕 and African.〔Margaret Busby, ("Remembering Richard 'Dick' Hart – a historian who made history" ), The-Latest.com, 16 July 2014.〕 He was the son of Ansell Hart,〔("Ansell Hart at his desk at Manton & Hart, circa 1950" ). ''Monthly Comments'', Jamaica.〕 a Jamaican solicitor and author of a 1972 historical study of George William Gordon. Hart was educated in Jamaica and in England, where he was sent to boarding-school at Denstone College in Staffordshire.〔 He returned to Jamaica in 1937, and became a founding member of the People's National Party (PNP) in 1938;〔 he was on the party's Executive Committee from 1941 to 1952.〔〔 He had the responsibility of drafting a model trade union constitution as a member of Norman Manley's 1938 Labour Committee assisting Alexander Bustamante in the formation of a trade union,〔("Caribbean Political Activist Richard Hart Dies In Bristol" ), JSC: Jamaicans in Solidarity with Cuba, 26 December 1913.〕 and in 1940 was arrested for organising a demonstration demanding Bustamante's release from prison. Hart sat the English Law Society examinations in Jamaica, qualifying as a solicitor in 1941. In 1942 he was imprisoned without trial by the British colonial government for his political activities.〔〔 In 1954, Hart – who self-identified as a Marxist – was one of four PNP members who were expelled from the PNP for their (alleged) communist views.〔〔Orville Taylor, ("Workers' 'Weak': 50 Years Of Betrayal" ), ''The Gleaner'', 20 May 2012.〕 The other three members were Frank Hill, Ken Hill and Arthur Henry, and they were collectively referred to as "the four Hs".〔〔〔"John Barnes – (The footballer traces his grandfather's central role in the campaign for Jamaican independence" ), ''Who Do You Think You Are? Magazine''. Episode aired BBC One, 17 October 2012.〕 Hart was also very active in the trade union movement in Jamaica〔("13. History of the Jamaica Labour Movement" ), ''The Voice of Coloured Labour'' (George Padmore, editor), 1945.〕 in the 1940s and 1950s, and worked as a member of the Executive Committee of the Trade Union Council from 1946 to 1948.〔〔 He served as Assistant Secretary of the Caribbean Labour Congress from 1945 to 1946 and Assistant Secretary from 1947 to 1953.〔 Believing in the importance of popular education to empower people and raise the level of political consciousness in the community – to which his first book, ''The Origin and Development of the People of Jamaica'' (1952), was dedicated – Hart helped establish the People's Educational Organisation (PEO), which organized a bookshop and held meetings and debates, including on the type of political party that was needed.〔Harold A. Drayton, ("A personal tribute to my mentor, friend, and comrade Richard Hart (1917-2013), Part I" ), ''Stabroek News'', 13 January 2014.〕 Together with other radical thinkers and activists he then formed the People's Freedom Movement (which was later renamed the Socialist Party of Jamaica).〔Jacqueline McKenzie and Ken Fuller, ("Richard Hart: Caribbean Activist And Writer" ), ''Morning Star'', 3 January 2014.〕 The party disbanded in 1962.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Hart (Jamaican historian and politician)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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